Heart disease, causes, symptoms, types, Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease
<strong> Heart disease, causes, symptoms, types, Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease
Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans every day. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
I. The causes of heart disease
There are many causes of heart disease. Most heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerotic arterial lesions and, finally, blocking or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and prevents the transport of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a heart disease risk .
II symptoms of heart disease
In addition to cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans every day. About 60 million Americans have heart disease. There are many causes of heart disease. Anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and prevents the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the heart can be defined as a heart disease risk. Here are some early indication of heart disease symptoms:
1. Leg cramps while walking />
2. Chest pain
Chest pain is caused by blood vessels in the heart of being temporarily disabled. It is also caused by an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle or coronary. The persistence of chest pain would be an early indication of heart disease.
3.
Difficulty breathing difficulty breathing (dyspnea) is the main symptom of left ventricular failure. People with breathing difficulties are four times more likely to die of heart disease related causes individuals without any symptoms.
4. Headaches
People see sparkling zigzag lines or loss of vision before a migraine attack may be at particular risk of future cardiovascular problems. In general, headaches do not cause heart disease, but a sudden onset, severe pain explosive can.
5.
Dizziness Dizziness can have many causes including low blood count, low iron in blood and other blood disorders, dehydration and viral diseases. Since there are many different conditions that can cause these symptoms, none experienced episodes of severe headache or dizziness should be checked by your doctor.
6.
Palpitations Palpitations is a common symptom of heart disease. Palpitations are jumps in the heartbeat and irregular heartbeat.
7. The loss of consciousness
is a common symptom, most people spend at least once in their lives. However, sometimes loss of consciousness indicates a dangerous condition or even life-threatening as heart disease so that when there is loss of consciousness that is important to find out the cause.
There are many more symptoms such as fatigue, memory problems, and changes in skin tone and temperature. />
The heart is a muscle four chambers, hollow and double acting pump that is located in the chest between the lungs. Heart disease caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage.
There are some major types of heart disease:
1. Type of heart disease affecting the heart chambers
As mentioned in previous article, the heart is a four-chambered hollow muscle and double acting pump that is located in the chest between the lungs. Heart disease caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage.
In this article, we will discuss heart disease affecting the heart chambers.
Heart failure because the heart does not pump as much blood as it should and so the body does not receive enough blood and oxygen it needs. The malfunction of the heart chambers due to damage caused by narrowing or blockage of the arteries to the heart muscle.
There are four heart chambers as follows:
* The right atrium * The /> * the left atrium
Heart diseases affecting the heart chambers include: br
A.
congestive heart failure Heart failure is caused by the heart does not pump as much blood as it should and so the body does not receive enough blood and oxygen it needs. The malfunction of the heart chambers due to damage caused by narrowing or blockage of the arteries to the heart muscle.
dysfunction) diastolic
contraction function is normal but is not altered relaxation of the heart, impairing its ability to fill with blood causing the blood returns to the heart to accumulate in the lungs or veins.
b) systolic dysfunction:
relaxing function is normal, but is there impaired contraction of the heart causes the heart to not pump as much blood that is returned to it as it does usually as a result of the increased amount of blood remaining in the lower chambers of the heart.
B. Pulmonary heart disease
pulmonary heart disease is caused by an enlarged right ventricle. He is known as heart disease as a result of a lung disorder where blood flows to the lungs is slowed or blocked causing increased lung pressure. The right side of the heart must pump harder to push against the increased pressure and this can lead to right ventricular enlargement.
2. Heart disease affecting heart muscles
In the case of heart diseases affecting heart muscles, heart muscles are stiff, increasing the amount of pressure required to expand the flow of blood to the heart or the narrowing of the passage as a result of obstructing blood flow out of the heart.
Heart diseases affecting heart muscle include:
1.
cardiomyopathy the heart muscle becomes inflamed and does not work as well as it should. There may be multiple causes such as high blood pressure, valve disease of heart, artery diseases or congenital heart defects.
A)
dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart cavity is enlarged and stretched. Blood flows more slowly through an enlarged heart, causing blood clots as a result of clots sticking to the inner wall of the heart, breaking the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation in the lung or be dislodged and carried circulation of the body to form emboli.
b)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy The wall between the two ventricles becomes enlarged and obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle. The thickened wall sometimes distorts one leaflet of the mitral valve, causing it to leak. Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting and angina pectoris.
C)
restrictive cardiomyopathy ventricles becomes excessively rigid, making it more difficult for the ventricles to fill with blood between heartbeats. The symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, swollen hands and feet.
2. Myocarditis Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscles or weakening of the muscles of the heart. The symptoms of myocarditis include fever, chest pains, congestive heart failure and palpitations.
3. Heart disease affecting heart valves
Heart disease affecting heart valves occur when the heart’s mitral valve is narrowed, making the heart work harder to pump blood from the left atrium to ventricle.
Here are some types of heart disease affecting heart valves:
1. Mitral stenosis, mitral stenosis
is a disorder of the heart valves that involves a narrowing or blockage of the opening of the mitral valve causing the volume and blood pressure in the left atrium increases.
2. Mitral valve insufficiency mitral insufficiency
heart disease in which the mitral valve in his heart does not close tightly causing the blood can not move through the heart efficiently. The symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation are fatigue and shortness of breath.
3. mitral valve prolapse
The mitral valve prolapse, one or both leaflets of the valve are too large resulting in uneven closure of the valve during each heartbeat. Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse are palpitation, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue and chest pains.
4. Aortic stenosis
With aging, collagen protein of the leaflets are destroyed and the calcium deposits in the leaves causing scarring, thickening and stenosis of the valve therefore increasing the wear of the valves resulting symptoms and heart problems aortic stenosis.
5. aortic regurgitation
aortic regurgitation is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in reverse direction during ventricular diastole, the aorta into the left ventricle. Symptoms of aortic regurgitation include fatigue or < ! - nextpage - weakness>, difficulty breathing, chest pain, palpitations and irregular heartbeats.
6. Tricuspid stenosis tricuspid stenosis
is the narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart that causes increased resistance to blood flow through the valve. Symptoms of tricuspid stenosis include fatigue liver, enlargement, abdominal bloating, discomfort in the neck and leg and ankle swelling.
7. Tricuspid regurgitation.
tricuspid regurgitation is the failure of the right ventricle causing blood to leak back through the tricuspid valve of the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart. The symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation include leg and ankle swelling and swelling in the abdomen.
4. Heart disease affecting coronary arteries and coronary veins
Heart disease affecting coronary arteries and coronary veins:
The malfunction of the heart may be due to damage caused by the narrowing or blockage of the arteries to the heart muscle, and backup of blood in the veins. Types of heart disease affecting the coronary arteries and veins are:
A. Angina pectoris
Angina occurs when the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen in the blood as all you need. Here are three types of angina pectoris:
a)
Stable angina Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs with activity or stress due to oxygen deficiency in muscles Blood and usually follows a predictable pattern. The symptoms of stable angina include chest pain, tightness, pressure, feeling of indigestion and pain in the upper neck and arm.
B)
Unstable Angina Unstable angina is caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart. Without blood and oxygen, part of the heart begins to die. The symptoms of unstable angina include pain transmission by the left shoulder and arm to the back, jaw, neck or right arm, chest discomfort and chest pressure.
C) Variant angina also known as coronary artery spasm
caused by narrowed coronary arteries. This is due to the contraction of smooth muscle in vessel walls. The symptoms of variant angina include increased heart rate, pressure and chest pain.
B. Heart attacks known as myocardial infarction or MI
heart attacks caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in coronary arteries, leading to a sharp reduction of blood supply to a portion of infarction. The symptoms of heart attack include a feeling of tightness in the chest, sweating, nausea and vomiting, upper back and arm pain.
C. Heart disease also known as coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease
caused by hardening and narrowing of the arteries, cutting off blood flow to the heart muscle and leads to a heart attack. The symptoms of heart disease include shortness of breath, chest pains, stress, palpitations, dizziness and fainting.
D. Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart and other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis is caused by plaques that rupture in the outcome of blood clots that block blood flow or break off and travel elsewhere in the body. Atherosclerosis has no symptoms or warning signs.
E. Silent ischemia.
Ischemia is a condition which restricts blood flow to part of the body caused by narrowed heart arteries. Silent ischemia means people have ischemia without pain. Nor is there any warning before the heart attack.
5. Heart disease affecting heart lining
rheumatic heart disease results from inflammation of the lining of the heart when too much fluid in the lungs that causes pulmonary congestion. It is due to the failure of the heart to remove fluid from the pulmonary circulation resulting in difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, pale and sweating. Heart disease as a result of inflammation of either endocardium or pericardium is called heart disease affecting heart lining.
endocardium is the lining of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. Pericardium is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart and the proximal end of the aorta, vena vava and pulmonary artery.
1.
Endocarditis endocarditis, an inflammation of the endocardium is caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and placed inside the heart, usually in the valves of the heart consisting of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. It is the most common heart disease in people who have a heart valve damaged, diseased, or artificial. Symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chilling, fatigue, muscle aches, joint, night sweats, difficulty breathing, changes in temperature and a persistent cough.
2.
Pericardium Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium. It is caused by an infection of the pericardium, which is the thin membrane and rugged like a sac around the heart. The pericardium also prevents the heart from over expanding when blood volume increases. Symptoms of pericarditis include chest pain, mild fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, hiccups, and muscle aches.
6. Heart disease affects
electrical system The electrical system in the heart is responsible for ensuring that the heart beats correctly so that blood can be transported to cells throughout the body. Any malfunction of the electrical system in the heart and makes a fast, slow or irregular. The electrical system in the heart is responsible for ensuring that the heart beats correctly so that blood can be transported through our body. Any malfunction of the electrical system in heart malfunction can cause a rapid, slow or irregular.
The types of heart disease that affect the electrical system are known as arrhythmias. They can make the heart beat too fast, too slow or irregular. These types of heart disease are:
a.
Sinus tachycardia Sinus tachycardia occurs when sinus rhythm is faster than 100 beats per minute thus increasing myocardial oxygen demand and reduces coronary blood flow, thus precipitating an ischemia heart or valvular disease.
b.
Sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia occurs when a decrease in cardiac output results in normal, but unusually slow heartbeat below 60 beats per minute. Symptoms of bradycardia include a feeling of weightlessness of the head, dizziness, low blood pressure, dizziness and syncope.
C.
Atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that begins in the upper parts (atria) of the heart that causes irregular heartbeats between the atria and the lower parts (ventricles) of the heart. The bottom can beat fast and without a regular rhythm. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation include dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain and irregular heartbeat. D.
Atrial flutter Atrial flutter is an abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart that cause heart disorders and diseases. Symptoms of atrial flutter includes shortness of breath, chest pain, anxiety and palpitations.
E.
supraventricular tachycardia supraventricular tachycardia is described as rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles or lower chambers of the heart that causes a rapid pulse of 140-250 beats per minute. Symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia include palpitations, dizziness and chest pains.
F. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Paroxysmal supraventricular
described as an occasional rapid heart rate. Symptoms can appear suddenly and can disappear without treatment. May take several minutes or days 1-2.
G.
Ventricular tachycardia ventricular tachycardia is described as a heart rate that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart. This is a life-threatening arrhythmia because it can lead to ventricular fibrillation and / or sudden death. Ventricular tachycardia symptoms include lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath and chest pains.
H. ventricular fibrillation Ventricular fibrillation is a condition in which the heart’s electrical activity becomes disordered due to the lower chambers of the heart to contract quickly, resulting in lack Synchronization heart pumps little or no blood at all, resulting in death if not treated after 5 minutes.
There are many diseases affecting the heart’s electrical system, such as premature arterial contractions, wolf parkinson, etc.
7. Congenital heart disease
There are several diseases of the heart that people are born with. Congenital heart diseases are caused by a persistence in the connection between arterial and venous fetal circulation. Congenital heart diseases affect any part of the heart as muscle, valves and blood vessels. Congenital heart disease refers to a problem with the heart’s structure and function due to abnormal heart development before birth.Every year 30,000 babies are born with some type of congenital heart defect in U.S. alone. Congenital heart disease is responsible for more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defect. Some congenital heart diseases can be treated with medication, while others require one or more surgeries.
causes of congenital heart disease of newborns at birth can result from poor control of blood sugar levels in women with diabetes during pregnancy, some hereditary factors that play a role in congenital heart disease, Excessive intake of alcohol and medication side effects during pregnancy.
congenital heart disease is often divided into two types: cyanotic which is caused by lack of oxygen and non-cyanotic.
A. Cyanotic
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a < ! - nextpage -> lack of oxygen generated in the blood vessels near the skin surface. Occurs when the level of oxygen in arterial blood falls below 85-90%.
The following are the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease:
a tetralogy) Tetralogy of Fallot
of Fallot is a condition of several congenital defects that occur when the heart does not develop normally . It is the most common heart defect cynaotic and a common cause blue baby syndrome.
B) Transport of the great vessels
The transport of the great vessels is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect in which the two major vessels that carry blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart are switched. Symptoms of transportation of the great vessels are bluish discoloration of the skin, difficulty breathing and poor feeding.
C) />
D)
total anomalous pulmonary venous return Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare congenital heart defect that causes cyanosis or blueness. The symptoms of total anomalous pulmonary venous return include poor appetite, poor growth, respiratory infections and skin blue.
E)
Truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus is characterized by a large ventricular septal defect over which a large, single great vessel arises. Truncus Symptoms include bluish discoloration of the skin, poor nutrition, poor growth and lack of air.
There are many more types of cyanosis, such as Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic right heart, and hypoplastic left heart. For more information please consult with your doctor.
B. No
cyanotic heart defects are more common cyanotic not due to higher survival rates.
The following are the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease no
a < ) br /> ventricular septal defect ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the ventricles and right left heart left and right ventricles to work harder, pumping more blood volume than usual on the outcome of left ventricular failure. The ventricular septal defect symptoms include rapid heartbeat, sweating, loss of appetite, weight gain and pallor.
B)
atrial septal defect atrial septal defect is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart causing oxygenated blood to flow from the left upper chamber of the heart in the cavity upper right heart. Symptoms of ASD include shortness of breath, fatigue and heart palpitations or heart.
C) coarctation of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta between the upper body artery branches and branches to the bottom body causing your heart to pump harder to force blood through the narrow part of the aorta. The symptoms of coarctation of the aorta include pallor, shortness of breath and sweating.
There are many more types of non-cyanotic, such as pulmonary stenosis, patent ductus arteriorus and atrioventricular cana. These problems may occur alone or together. Most congenital heart diseases occur as an isolated defect and is not associated with other diseases.
8. Other types of heart disease
In this article, we will discuss other types of heart disease that can affect any part of the heart including the following:
* A cardiac tumor can be either />
A) Benign tumors
a.
Myxoma myxoma is a benign cardiac tumor. It is the most common tumor inside the cavities of the heart and most of them occur in the left atrium of heart block the normal flow of blood within the heart chambers. Myxoma symptoms include paroxysmal dyspnea, weight loss, feverhemoptysis, lightheadedness and sudden death.
B. Rhabdomyomas
Most rhabdomyomas occur in children or infants and are associated with tuberous sclerosis. It develops in the myocardium or endocardium, accounting for approximately one in five tumors that originate in the heart, causing blockage of blood flow, valvular insufficiency, and cardiac arrhythmias. Symptoms of rhabdomyomas include palpitations, chest pains, difficulty breathing and nausea.
C.
Fibroids fibroids develop in the myocardium or endocardium. These tumors are composed of fibrous or connective tissue and tend to occur in heart valves and may be related to inflammation. Apart from seeing or feeling the fibroma, no usual symptoms.
D. Teratomas of the pericardium />
B)
Malignant tumors Malignant tumors that originated elsewhere in the body and spread to the heart are more common than those arising in the heart. Malignant tumors of the heart can come from any heart tissue. They occur mostly in children.
A.
angiosarcomas angiosarcomas represent approximately one third of all malignant tumors of the heart and usually start on the right side of the heart. The cause of angiosarcomas is usually unknown and symptoms of angiosarcomas differ according to the location of the tumor. Often the symptoms of the disease are not apparent until the tumor is well advanced.
B.
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